The impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels on the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background To investigate the causal association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes using a Mendelian randomization approach. Methods Genetic signatures associated 25OHD, Ca, PTH were extracted from recently published genome-wide study (GWAS), including 79,366, 39,400, 29,155 individuals, respectively. estimates for CAD obtained GWAS 15,666 individuals (3,968 cases, 11,696 controls). The inverse-variance-weighted method was employed primary analysis, other robust methods applied sensitivity analyses. Results Six, seven five single nucleotide polymorphisms identified as instrumental variables Ca levels, There no significant genetically predicted 25OHD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58 - 1.87, P 0.888). Similarly, (OR 1.83, CI: 0.62 – 5.35, 0.273) 1.27, 0.67 2.44, 0.464) not significantly diabetes. These findings Conclusions/interpretation Serum may be causally